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You are here: Home / Japanese Grammar 104 – Prepositions he, ni, de, to, kara, made, ka

Japanese Grammar 104 – Prepositions he, ni, de, to, kara, made, ka

Prepositions – he, ni, de, to, kara, made, ka

These particles are used to distinguish the different roles that words have in the sentence.


‘He’ indicates movement emphasizing the direction.

Nihon he ikimasu – I go to Japan
Eki he ikimasu – I go to the station

‘Ni’ on the other hand indicates movement emphasizing the place of arrival, or the place/time where one is. It can also indicate the recipient of something.

Kaisha ni ikimasu – I go to the office
Ie ni hairimasu – I enter the house
Gakkō ni tsukue ga arimasu – At school there are desks
Ano kiji wa zasshi ni demashita – That article was published on a magazine
Kanojo ni hagaki o kakimasu – I write a letter to her
Getsuyō ni hajimemasu – I start on Monday

*Au (meet), naru (become), noru (get on) need NI as a preposition

Tomodachi ni aimasu – I meet a friend
Sensei ni narimasu – I become a teacher
Densha ni norimasu – I get on the train

‘De’ indicates place where an action is happening, or the means (instrumental case).

Ie de yomimasu – I read at home
Hikōki de ikimasu – I travel by plane
Kono hon o 500 yen de kaimasu – I buy this book with 500 yen

‘To’ indicates with whom the action is done, it is also a conjunction and is used for the indirect speech.

Neko to asobimasu – I play with the cat
Yasai to niku o tabemasu – I eat vegetables and meat
Kare wa denwa shimasu to iimashita – He said that he would call

‘Kara’ indicates the duration or the origin (from where). It can also refer to the cause of something.

Ashita kara jimusho he ikimasu – From tomorrow I will go to the office
Ie kara kimasu – I come from home
Samui kara mado o shimete kudasai – Since it is cold, please shut the window

‘Made’ refers to the duration (until, as long as) or the arrival point (to)

Kinō made ame deshita – It has rained until yesterday
Eki kara gakkō made arukimasu – I walk from the station to the school

‘Ka’ (or)

Kanojo wa ringo ka nashi o tabemasu She eats an apple or a pear
Ashita ka asatte mise ni/he ikimasu – Tomorrow or the day after I will go to the shop.

EXERCISE: 104 Prepositions he, ni, de, to, kara, made, ka | NEXT: 105 Existential Verbs

FREE JAPANESE BEGINNERS’ COURSE

Grammar
101 Personal Pronouns
102 Demonstrative Pronouns
103 Prepositions wa, ga, no, o, mo
104 Prepositions he, ni, de, to, kara, made, ka
105 Existential Verbs
106 Godan Verbs
107 Ichidan Verbs
108 Positive, negative and interrogative sentence
109 Past and Present of verbs
110 Irregular Verbs
111 Verb + Tai Desu

Exercises
101 Personal Pronouns
102 Demonstrative pronouns
103 Prepositions wa, no, o, mo, ga
104 Prepositions he,ni,de,to,kara,made,ka
105 Existential Verbs
106 Godan Verbs
107 Ichidan Verbs
108 Positive, Negative and Interrogative sentence
109 Present and Past of Verbs
110 Irregular Verbs
111 Verb + Tai Desu
Vocabulary
101 Numbers
102 Family
103 Greetings
104 Food and Drinks
105 Times of the Day
106 House
107 City
108 Questions
109 Home Content
110 Jobs
Listening practice
101 Personal Pronouns
102 Demonstrative Pronouns
103 Prepositions wa, no, o, mo
104 Prepositions he, ni, de, to, kara, made, ka
105 Imasu, Arimasu
106 Godan Verbs
107 Ichidan Verbs
108 Positive, Negative and Interrogative sentence
109 Past and Present of Verbs
110 Irregular Verbs
111 Verb + Tai Desu
Dialogues
101 At the Restaurant
102 Tourist Office
103 Phone Call
104 Shopping
105 At the Dentist
106 The Train Station
107 Taxi
108 Hotel
109 Directions
110 Police Station

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